"Five Loves" ideological and political education program design and practice in introduction to nursing course / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To know whether the implementation of "Five Love" values education in the teaching of nursing introduction can improve students′ learning effect and professional identity.Methods:A quasi experimental study was conducted. The convenient cluster sampling method was used to select 118 freshmen from the Chinese foreign cooperation undergraduate class of the Nursing School of Henan University of Chinese Medicine as the ideological and political group from March to July 2022, and implement the teaching integrated with the "Five Love" values ideological and political program. From March to July 2021, 120 freshmen from the Chinese foreign cooperation undergraduate class were set as the control group, and the routine teaching were implemented. The test scores and college students′professional identity were compared between the two groups.Results:The total score of the process assessment in the ideological and political group was (92.78 ± 6.54) points, higher than that of the control group (85.64 ± 10.21) points, the difference was statistically significant ( t=-3.09, P<0.05). The scores of ideological and political group students in Professional Identity Questionnaire before education were (2.60 ± 0.72) points and after education were (3.50 ± 0.24) points, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=-4.80, P<0.05). Three themes can be extracted from the group focus interview and reflection homework: "promoting the formation of students 'Five Loves' values, increasing the sense of learning benefits and enhancing the relationship between teachers and students". Conclusions:Carrying out "Five Loves" value education in the teaching of nursing introduction course can improve the teaching effect and students' professional identity, increase students' sense of learning benefit, and enhance the relationship between teachers and students.

Observation and Reflection on the Judicial Practice of the Crime of Impairing the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases / 中国医学伦理学

The crime of impairing the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases was "activated" in the COVID-19 epidemic that broke out in early 2020. However, the scope of infectious diseases involved in the relevant crimes of the Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China before the revision was only limited to Category A infectious diseases, and the scope of application should be expanded when used for infectious diseases such as COVID-19. The revised Criminal Law "expands" the scope of infectious diseases involved in the crime from Category A to Category B controlled according to Category A, providing a legal basis for related cases, while the expressions in the new laws are repeated and ambiguous. Whether the criminal subject causes others to be infected is closely related to the sentencing of the crime, but it is still impossible to draw an exclusive conclusion on the causality leading to infection at the technical level. In summary, this paper proposed to correct the cases of inappropriate expansion of the application scope before the amendment of the Criminal Law, revise the improper expression of the new laws while cleaning up the relevant normative documents, clarify the unidentifiable part in the causal relationship of relevant cases and consider it in sentencing process.

Application of mixed TBL teaching method in practical teaching of critical obstetric diseases / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To evaluate the mixed team-based learning (TBL) teaching method in the practical teaching of critical obstetric diseases.Methods:A total of 72 undergraduate students majoring in "5+3" clinical medicine who practiced in The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from April to June 2019 were selected in the study. The typical cases of obstetric critical illness were selected, and the students were taught by TBL teaching combined with flipped classroom. After the class, a questionnaire survey was conducted to evaluate the teaching effect.Results:Totally 72 questionnaires were recovered and the results showed that all the students thought this kind of mixed TBL teaching method was helpful to develop clinical thinking ability, and the process of "group discussion" and "extra-curricular preparation" was very helpful to understand the learning. A percentage of 93 (67/72) of the students liked this teaching mode, while 28% (20/72) of the students thought this learning mode was very stressful.Conclusion:This mixed TBL teaching method is effective and feasible in the practical teaching of critical obstetric diseases.

The difference of gray matter volume and its correlation with clinical characteristics in patients with anxious depression / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the difference of gray matter volume between anxious depression(AD)and non anxious depression(NAD) patients, and its correlation with clinical characteristics.Methods:One hundred and fifty patients with depression were included from September 2014 to October 2018, meanwhile 62 healthy controls with matching demographic characteristic were recruited. The severity of the patients was assessed by Hamilton depression scale-17(HAMD-17). Patients were divided into anxious depression group(AD group, n=80)and non-anxious depression group (NAD group, n=70) according to whether anxiety/somatization factor scored 7. All subjects were scanned with 3.0 T underwent structural MRI scan. The structural magnetic resonance data were preprocessed by voxel-based morphometry (VBM). The rest toolkit was used to calculate the difference of gray matter volume among the three groups. By SPSS 19.0, post-hoc t test was used for pairwise comparison and Pearson correlation analysis was performed between gray matter volume and clinical factors in patients with anxious depression. Results:Compared to the NAD group, the gray matter volume of the right middle frontal gyrus(MNI: x=28.5, y=21.0, z=48.0, t=-4.83, Bonferroni multiple comparison adjustment, P<0.05/3) and left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus(MNI: x=-18.0, y=27.0, z=43.5, t=-6.08, Bonferroni multiple comparison correction, P<0.05/3)were significantly decreased in AD group. Correlation analysis found that the gray matter volume of the right middle frontal gyrus in patients with anxious depression was negatively correlated with the insight of anxiety/somatization factor score ( r=-0.36, P=0.001). Conclusion:The volume of prefrontal lobe in patients with anxiety depression is lower than that in patients with non anxiety depression, which may be related to the serious clinical symptoms in patients with anxiety depression.The decrease of right middle frontal gyrus volume can be used as a potential biological marker for the severity of impaired insight.

Application of the self-directed learning teaching model in the teaching of joint surgery / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the applicability and effect of the self-directed learning teaching model in the teaching of joint surgery.Methods:A total of 60 interns in The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from September 2018 to September 2020 were randomly divided into the traditional group (using traditional teaching methods) and self-directed learning group (using the self-directed learning approach), with 30 students in each group. The general condition, teaching performance (including theoretical and practical achievements), scores of abilities (including abilities of literature review, lecturing, organization, communication and teamwork), and subjective evaluation scores (learning interests and satisfaction) were analyzed. SPSS 23.0 statistical software was used to conduct independent-sample t-test and chi-square test. Results:The self-directed learning group had higher scores than the control group in the theoretical score [(87.63±7.01) vs. (79.56± 7.08)] and practical score [(86.40±6.45) vs. (82.70±7.65)], literature review score [(16.33±2.45) vs. (14.50±2.27)], the ability of lecturing [(15.56±2.97) vs. (13.90±2.56)], organization [(17.61±2.34) vs. (14.96±2.55)], communication [(17.06±1.91) vs. (14.53±1.96)], and teamwork [(16.23±1.71) vs. (14.76±2.32)], as well as the indicators of learning interest and levels of satisfaction (teaching form and teaching effect), with significant differences between the two groups ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The self-directed learning teaching model can inspire students' initiative, improve teaching quality, and contribute to new ideas for teaching reform.

Effect and Mechanism of Sulforaphane on G / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of sulforaphane (SFN) on G@*METHODS@#KG1a and KG1cells were treated by different concentrations of SFN for 48 h. Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to analyze the phase distribution of cell cycle. High-throughput sequencing was used to detect the effect of SFN on the expression of cell cycle related genes in KG1a cells. The mRNA expression of P53, P21, CDC2 and CyclinB1 were detected by qPCR. The protein expression of P53, CDC2, P-CDC2 and CyclinB1 were detected by Western blot.@*RESULTS@#Cells in the G@*CONCLUSION@#SFN induces leukemia cells to block in G

Curriculum reform of urogenital system integration and reflections on the curriculum integration / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Current reform of higher medical education focuses on curriculum integration and corresponding reconstruction of teaching system. Chongqing Medical University has carried out the reform of medical personnel training mode from basic to clinical, which has achieved certain results. Three aspects including teaching content, teaching methods and appraisal system of the urogenital system curriculum integration are introduced in the paper. In the teaching content, the parts related to urogenital system in basic subjects and clinical subjects are extracted and integrated. In the process of teaching implementation, a teaching team is set up across departments and multidisciplinary joint teaching is carried out. In order to arouse the enthusiasm of students, inspire and cultivate students' scientific research thinking by improving teaching methods, several teaching methods such as case introduction teaching method, question discussion and debate meeting are used. Scientific evaluation system is used to observe and record the whole process of students' learning. Meanwhile, some existing problems and solutions of curriculum integration are discussed in the paper to provide references for peers in relevant colleges and universities.

The difference of amplitude of low frequency fluctuation in amygdala subregion and its correlation with clinical characteristics in patients with anxious depression / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the difference of amplitude of low frequency fluctuation(ALFF) in amygdala subregions between anxious depression patients and non-anxious depression patients, and its correlation with clinical features.Methods:A total of 144 patients with depression diagnosed by DSM-Ⅳ-TR criteria and exclusion criteria in Nanjing Brain Hospital, meanwhile 62 healthy controls with matching demographic characteristic were recruited.All subjects were scanned with 3.0 T fMRI scanner.The severity of the patients was assessed by Hamilton depression scale (HAMD-17). After preprocessing magnetic resonance data with DPARSFA toolkit in Matlab, ALFF values of each subregion of amygdala were calculated with rest toolkit for different groups of subjects.Patients were divided into anxious group ( n=65) and non-anxious group ( n=79) according to whether their anxiety/somatization factor score was greater than 7.In SPSS 19.0, ANOVA was used to calculate the difference of ALFF in amygdala subregion in three groups, then two-sample t test was used to find the differences between each other group (Bonferroni multiple comparison correction, P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis was performed between ALFF values of brain regions with significant differences and clinical factors. Results:Compared with the non-anxious group(left central amygdala: 1.12±0.21, left dorsolateral nucleus: 1.01±0.26, left subcortical amygdala: 1.49±0.46), the ALFF values of the left central amygdala(1.22±0.18), left dorsolateral nucleus(1.16±0.33) and left subcortical amygdala(1.90±0.66) in anxious depression group were significantly different (all P<0.01, Bonferroni corrected). Correlation analysis showed that the ALFF value of the left central amygdala in patients with anxious depression was positively correlated with the anxiety/somatization factor score ( r=0.473, P=0.008). Conclusion:Abnormal left amygdala function in patients with depression may be the neuropathological basis of anxiety, among which the abnormal left central nucleus brain area may be related to the severity of anxiety/somatization.

Diagnosis and management of fetal growth restriction: from experience to evidence-based practice / 中华围产医学杂志

Infants with fetal growth restriction (FGR) who did not achieve full in utero growth potential because of environmental factors are at increased risk of morbidity and mortality compared with those with normal in utero growth.Diagnosis and management of FGR are becoming more standardized as clinical guidelines sponsored by academic societies and governments are emerging.However,how to accurately identify FGR fetus and manage the pregnancies appropriately remain controversial.Early prevention of FGR and standardized administration of prenatal glucocorticoids and magnesium sulfate are urgently needed to be addressed with more evidences.

Effect of childhood abuse on psychosomatic symptoms among medical students:mediating effect of trait coping styles / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To confirm the mediation effect of trait coping styles between childhood a-buse and psychosomatic symptoms among college students. Methods 262 medical students were investiga-ted by Psychosomatic Health Questionnaire( PHQ) ,Personal Report of Childhood Abuse( PRCA) ,Trait Cop-ing Styles Questionnaire(TCSQ),Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),Suicide Ideation Scale(SIS) and Beck Depression Inventory(BDI).Structural equation models were established by Amos 7.0. Results The positive coping scores of medical students were (34.70±4.50),and (27.48±5.68) for negative coping,(7.79±5.58) for depression,(29.40±6.22) for self rating anxiety,(1.33±1.75) for suicidal ideation,(1.26±0.51) for mental symptoms,(1.27±0.52) for somatic symptoms and (3.17±4.26) for behavioral problems.Abuse total score was positively correlated with negative coping style, depression, self rating anxiety, suicidal ideation, mental symptoms and behavioral problems ( r=0.148-0.417,P<0.05) ,and negatively correlated with positive coping style(r=-0.148,P<0.05).Negative coping style was positively correlated with Beck depression,self rating anxiety,suicidal ideation,mental symptoms and somatic symptoms( r=0.252-0.350,P<0.01) ,and neg-atively correlated with positive coping style(r=-0.309,P<0.01).Positive coping style was negatively correla-ted with Beck depression,self rating anxiety,suicidal ideation,mental symptoms and somatic symptoms ( r=-0.208--0.271,P<0.01).Structural equation modeling showed that childhood abuse had an direct effect on psychosomatic symptoms( B=0.290,P<0.01) ,positive coping styles( B=-0.129,P<0.05) and negative cop-ing styles(B=0.243,P<0.01) among medical students.Positive coping styles and negative coping styles had direct effect on psychosomatic symptoms(B=-0.194,P<0.01;B=0.263,P<0.01).The model fit indexes were χ2/df=1.576,PGFI=0.585,PCFI=0.689,PNFI=0.645,RMSEA=0.047,GFI=0.951,AGFI=0.920, NFI=0.900,RFI=0.858,IFI=0.960,TLI=0.943,CFI=0.959. Conclusion The results indicate that trait coping styles as a mediator mediating the relationship between childhood abuse and psychosomatic symptoms in medical students.

Effects of the polymorphsim 5-HTTLPR on the hypersensitive C-reactive protein in patients with de-pression / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the influences of serotonin transporter promoter region (5-HTTLPR)polymorphism on hypersensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)in patients with depression. Method 5-HTTLPR polymorphism was detected by polymerase chain reactive-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP)in 103 patients with depression and 103 healthy controls.The severity of depres-sion was evaluated by Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD).The hs-CRP level was tested by immunofluores-cence.The influence of different genotypes on hs-CRP and the interaction of genotype and hs-CRP on the pathogenesis of depression were analyzed. Results The frequency of genotype and allele in 5-HTTLPR was no statistical significant(P=0.81,0.121)among the three groups.There were statistically significant differ-ences in hs-CRP concentration(P=0.007)among the three genotypes of the study group,and the concentra-tion of hs-CRP in SS genotype((8.1±2.7)mg/L)was significantly higher than that in LS((4.9±1.8)mg/L) and LL genotype((5.2±1.3)mg/L)(P=0.002,0.001).The retardation factor in patients were significantly differences in different genotypes(F=4.637,P=0.033).SS genotype(9.3±3.1)was significantly higher than LL(6.1±2.7)and LS genotypes(5.8±2.1)in retardation factor(P=0.008,0.007).Logistic regression analy-sis showed that SS genotype was associated with hs-CRP.The interactive effect was positive related to the morbidity of depression.The correlation of interaction between SS genotype and hs-CRP was greater than LL/LS(OR=1.890,95%CI=1.011-3.396). Conclusion SS genotype of 5-HTTLPR has strengthen effect on hs-CRP.The interaction of genotype and hs-CRP affects the onset of depression.The interaction of SS geno-type and hs-CRP is more likely to effect the onset of depression.

Effect of hypobaric hypoxia on killing functions and secreting IL-6,TNF-α of peritoneal macrophages in mice / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To explore the influence of high altitude hypoxia on the phagocytosis and killing functions of peritoneal macrophages in mice by establishing mouse model in high altitude hypoxic environment.Methods:①After exposure of mice to an altitude of 4 200 m,2 200 m and 400 m for 30 d respectively,flow cytometry was used to detect the phagocytosis and killing functions of peritoneal macrophages on staphylococcus aureus labeled with FITC.②The respiratory burst level of the cultured macrophage in mice was detected in 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) fluorescent probe method. ③The concentration of NO2- as a stable oxidative metabolite of NO in the supernatant of the cultured macrophages was measured with ELISA kits;④The release level of IL-6 and TNF-α in the cultured mice macrophage supernatant was also determined with ELISA kits.Results:After exposed under high altitude hypoxia for 30 d,compared with the control group (400 m),the phagocytosis,respiratory burst level and NO release in high altitude groups (4 200 m and 2 200 m) were all than those in the control group(400 m) (P<0.05).While the concentration of IL-6 and TNF-α in the Mφ cultured supernatant showed an obvious increase (P<0.05).Conclusion:Exposure under high altitude hypoxia (at altitude of 4 200 m and 2 200 m) for 30 d compromised the phagocytosis and oxygen dependent cytolyticactivity functions,and also raised the cytokines secretion level of IL-6 and TNF-α in Mφ,thereby affecting the innate immune response ability of Mφ in body.

Establishment of a modified in vitro mongolian gerbil oocyte fertilization and embryo culture system / 中国实验动物学报

Objective To investigate the feasibility of self-made capacitation liquid for in vitro fertilization of Mongolian gerbils, and to provide a reference for gerbil embryo cryopreservation. Methods In vitro fertilization of Mongo?lian gerbil was performed with the self?prepared capacitation solution and semen, and the 2?cell embryos of Mongolian ger?bils were cultured in vitro using an improved KSOM culture medium. Results The in vitro fertilization rate of gerbils was over 60%, and some gerbil 2?cell embryos could develop further in vitro. Conclusions An in vitro fertilization and embry?o development system of Mongolian gerbil has been established, but it needs further optimization.

Identification of six species of medicinal Diospyros plants based on leaf macro- and micro-morphology / 中国中药杂志

To establish a method for the identification of five species and one variety of medicinal plants from Diospyros, their leaf veins, epidermis, anatomic and powder characters were observed and compared with macro-morphological and microscopic methods. The results indicated the differences of secondary and tertiary veins among those Diospyros species. The single cell non-glandular hair and glandular hair exist in most species' epidermis while stone cells were only found in the leaf powders of two species. Through the study, the main differences of leaf macro- and micro-morphology of these species were obtained and practical keys were also established, which can provide scientific base not only for identification of these species during their vegetative stages, but also for accuracy authentication of the source of Kaki Folium.

Diagnostic values of vascular endothelial growth factor and epidermal growth factor receptor for benign and malignant hydrothorax / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Hydrothorax, as one of the common complications of malignant tumors, still cannot be sensitively detected in clinical practice, thus requiring a sensitive, specific method for diagnosis. The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in patients with benign and malignant hydrothorax.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The contents of VEGF in the pleural effusion and serum of the patients with malignant pleural effusion (n = 35) and benign pleural effusion (n = 30) were detected by double antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The gene copy number level of EGFR in pleural effusion was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The points with the highest sensitivity and specificity were selected as the critical values to calculate the diagnostic value of the VEGF in pleural effusion and serum, and EGFR gene copy number in pleural effusion.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The contents of VEGF in pleural effusion and serum of patients with malignant hydrothorax were (384.91 ± 120.18), and (129.62 ± 46.35) ng/L, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the patients with benign hydrothorax (207.97 ± 64.04), (63.49 ± 24.58) ng/L (P < 0.01). The sensitivity and specificity of detecting VEGF in pleural effusion were 80.0% and 96.7% (the boundary value was 297.06 ng/L), respectively for diagnosing benign and malignant hydrothorax. The sensitivity and specificity of serum were 74.3% and 96.7%, respectively (the boundary value was 99.21 ng/L) for diagnosing benign and malignant hydrothorax. The diagnostic efficiencies of EGFR and VEGF in hydrothorax were similar. There was a significant correlation between EGFR and VEGF in hydrothorax (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>VEGF and EGFR play important roles in the formation of pleural effusion. VEGF differed significantly in benign and malignant pleural effusions, which contributed to differential diagnosis results of benign and malignant pleural effusions. It is feasible to detect the gene copy number of the pleural effusion cell mass EGFR by FISH technique. Joint detection can improve the diagnostic sensitivity.</p>

Short-term safety and efficiency of cryoablation for renal sympathetic denervation in a swine model / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Renal sympathetic nerves are involved in the reflective activation of the sympathetic nervous system in circulatory control. Catheter-based renal denervation (RDN) ameliorated treatment-resistant hypertension safely, but 10%-20% of treated patients are nonresponders to radiofrequency denervation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the safety and efficiency of cryoablation for sympathetic denervation in a swine model and to explore a new way of RDN.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seven swines randomly assigned to two groups: Renal cryoablation (CR) group and control group. The control group underwent renal angiogram only. The CR group underwent renal angiogram plus bilateral renal cryoablation. Renal angiograms via femoral were performed before denervation, after denervation and prior to the sacrifice to access the diameter of renal arterial and the pressure of aorta abdominalis. Euthanasia of the swine was performed on 28-day to access norepinephrine (NE) changes of the renal cortex and the changes of renal nerves.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Cryoablation did not induce severe complications at any time point. There was no significant change in diameter of renal artery. CR reduced systolic blood pressure (BP) from 145.50 ± 9.95 mmHg at baseline to 119.00 ± 14.09 mmHg. There was a slight but insignificant decrease in diastolic BP. The main nerve changes at 28-day consisted of necrosis with perineurial fibrosis at the site of CR exposure in conjunction with the nerve vacuolation. Compared with the control group, renal tissue NE of CR group decreased by 89.85%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Percutaneous catheter-based cryoablation of the renal artery is safe. CR could effectively reduce NE storing in the renal cortex, and the efficiency could be maintained 28-day at least.</p>

The effects of childhood abuse,personality,insecurity on dissociative trait of medical students:a path anal-ysis / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To build the relationship model of childhood aubuse, personality, insecurity and dissociative trait in medical students. Methods Through stratified sampling,262 medical students were investiga?ted by the Personal Report of Childhood Abuse( PRCA) ,Dissociative Trait Scale( DTS) ,Self?Rating Feeling of In?security Scale( SRFIS) ,Revised NEO Five?Factor Inventory( NEO?FFI?R) . A path analysis was applied by AMOS (Analysis of Moment Structures) version 7.0. Results ①Childhood abuse was positively related to insecurity, dissociative trait and neuroticism( r=0.248~0.361, P0.05,RMSEA=0.024<0.050, GFI=0.935,AGFI=0.909,NFI=0.923,RFI=0.902,IFI=0.989,TLI=0.986 and CFI=0.989. Conclusion Per?sonality and insecurity as mediated variable mediate the relationship between childhood abuse and dissociative trait of medical students. Childhood abuse has no direct effect on dissociative trait of medical students.

Self-efficacy training on fluid intake in maintenance hemodialysis patients / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To examine the effectiveness of self-efficacy training on fluid intake in maintenance hemodialysis patients.Methods Fifty-four hemodialysis patients participated in the study.The intervention was based on Bandura's self-efficacy theory.The outcome measure was self-efficacy for managing chronic disease,the mean interdialysis weight gain,dialysis-related complications and patient satisfaction.Data were collected at baseline and 3 months after the intervention.Results The mean score of selfefficacy,the mean interdialysis weight gain,dialysis-related complications and patient satisfaction after the intervention were all statistically significant compared with those bcfore the intervention.Conclusions The study supports the effectiveness of the self-efficacy training in improving the fluid intake compliance in maintenance hemodialysis patients.So it is worth being popularized in clinic.

Subjective well-being simplify scale in college students:development, reliability and validity / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To develop subjective well-being simplify scale (SWBSS),and examine its reliability and validity.Methods A self-report SWBSS containing 13 items was developed on college student and research literature.2374 college students completed SWBSS,Index of Well-Being(IWB),World Health of Organization Quality of Life Brief Scale (WHOQOL-BREF),Beck Depression Rating Scale (BDI) and Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS).Results ①Exploratory factor analysis results showed that SWBSS had 1 factor,and accounted for 41.768％ of variance.②Confirmatory factor analysis results indicated that x2/df =2.208,RMR =0.016,RMSEA =0.032 ; GFI =0.986,AGFI =0.974,NFI =0.978,RFI =0.966,IFI =0.988,TLI =0.981,CFI =0.988 ; PGFI =0.552,PNFI =0.639,PCFI =0.646 ; construct reliability =0.901.③The Cronbach'α coefficient,split-half reliability,stability coefficient of SWBSS was 0.876,0.817 and 0.740 (P ＜ 0.01).The SWBSS scores was significantly correlated with the scores of IWB,WHOQOL-BREF,BDI and SAS (r =0.706 ～ 0.892,r =-0.650 ～-0.580,P＜0.01).Conclusion The stability,internal consistency,and validity of the SWBSS are good and meet with psychometric standard.

Blood-lipid levels of 20041 kindergarten children aged 3 to 6 in Tianjin / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To understand the level of blood-lipid and prevalence of dyslipidcmia of children aged 3 to 6 in Tianjin,so as to provide evidence for large-scale blood screening strategy and to develop intervention of dyslipidemia and cardiovascular in children.Methods 20 041 children aged 3 to 6 from 48 kindergartens were involved in this study,in Tianjin.Peripheral blood was collected from right leech-finger of these children,after fatless breakfast.Total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) of plasma were tested using Toshiba 120 Automatic Biochemical Analyzer.Results The average levels of TC and TG were (4.17 ±0.69)mmol/L and (0.86±0.44) mmol/L in these children.11.4％ of the children had either TC or TG dyslipidemia,with 7.1％ had only TC dyslipidemia,4.9％ had only TG dyslipidemia,and 0.6％ of them had both TC and TG dyslipidemia.The prevalence of TC dyslipidemia was significantly higher among girls than boys.The prevalence rates of TC dyslipidemia and TG dyslipidcmia were different among age groups,but with no significant changes among age groups.The prevalence of TG dyslipidemia was significantly different,with obese children higher than those with normal or overweight children.Different residential areas seemed to be related to the difference on the prevalence of dyslipidemia.Prevalence of TC dyslipidemia was higher in urban than in rural areas.Prevalence of TG dyslipidemia was higher in rural than urban areas.Conclusion The prevalence of dyslipidemia for children aged 3 to 6 was high in Tianjin,and showed differences among genders,age groups and residential regions.Screening and intervention programs on dyslipidemia should be undertaken routinely in children,in order to prevent adult atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease.